Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - 938 Words

Frankenstein was a scientist who created a creature that was very scary through a lab experiment. Victor Frankenstein was an ambitious scientist whose experiment was aimed at creating human beings from the cells of a dead person. He, however, created a monster, which haunted him to his death. Frankenstein was very scared of the creature to the point of abandoning it, but it kept following him and ended up destroying him and his family out of anger. Frankenstein is a science fiction, which incorporated human curiosity and scientific knowledge. This discussion shall focus on the similarities between Frankenstein and the monster. Similarities Both Victor and the monster were lonely. Victor had few friends in his lifetime and his mother’s death made worsened things for him as she was his closest confidant (Shelley 25). Frankenstein had only one close friend in his lifetime and although he loved his family, he had no strong social bonds. The monster was also lonely as it was ugly was ugly and this made people run away from it. Although it was not harmful in the beginning, people kept running away from the monster because of its appearance and this made it very lonely and miserable. Victor and the monster also felt misunderstood. When the creature killed William, Victor wanted to convince people not to kill his nanny, who was accused of the murder. Victor knew that the creature had killed his brother, but he knew that nobody would believe him (Shelley 76). The monster also feltShow MoreRelatedMary Shelleys Frankenstein1689 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Expectations Fathers and Son, Frankenstein. The novel I have chosen to discuss is Frankenstein. Written in 1818 by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein is classified as a gothic novel, however, Shelly uses both realist and non-realist techniques. I will be looking at her reasons for writing the novel and what influenced her, as well as the realist and non-realist techniques used. I will be looking at some of the contemporary social issues that affected Shelley’s life at the time she wrote her novelRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome determined to perfect at what they do. They eventually become tragically doomed through creating their own individual moral codes by struggling with their internal battles within their minds. Mary Shelley presents us the first persona of a romantic hero through Victor Frankenstein in her book Frankenstein. Shelley fabricates Victor as the main narrator throughout the book, along with Captain Walton and the creature, which Victor creates. Another hero during the Romant ic era is the Ancient MarinerRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Feminism1429 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Youshock Prof. Matthew Gerber HIST 1012 10/19/18 Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Feminism before it was mainstream? Writing a paper on the topic of Frankenstein days before Halloween might give you the wrong idea- lets clear something up straight away Frankenstein is the doctor not the monster and the monster doesn’t have a name (which we later learn is mildly important to the story). You see, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is arguably a story of creation, murder, love, and learning amongst manyRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein The characterization of Victor’s creature, the monster, in the movie although somewhat dramatically different from Mary Shelley’s portrayal in the novel Frankenstein also had its similarities. Shelley’s views of the monster were to make him seem like a human being, while the movie made the monster out to be a hideous creation. The creature’s appearance and personality are two aspects that differ between the novel and movie while his intellectual and tender sidesRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, â€Å"the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to â€Å"conquer the unknown† - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humans†. ThisRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein Nineteen-year-old Mary Shelley didn’t know when she began it that her â€Å"ghost story† would become an enduring part of classic literature. Frankenstein is an admirable work simply for its captivating plot. To the careful reader, however, Shelley’s tale offers complex insights into human experience. The reader identifies with all of the major characters and is left to heed or ignore the cautions that their situations provide. Shelley uses the second person narrativeRead MoreEssay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1643 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In 1818 a novel was written that tingled people’s minds and thrilled literary critics alike. Frankenstein was an instant success and sold more copies than any book had before. The immediate success of the book can be attributed to the spine-tingling horror of the plot, and the strong embedded ethical message. Although her name did not come originally attached to the text, Mary Shelley had written a masterpiece that would live on for centuries. Read MoreEvil in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1462 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein is very much a commentary on the Enlightenment and its failure to tame the human condition through reason. The human condition can be defined as the unique features which mold a human being. The creature is undoubtedly a victim of this predicament. He grapples with the meaning of life, the search for gratification, the sense of curiosity, the inevitability of isolation, and the awareness of the inescapability of death. These qualities and his ceaseless stalking of hisRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pages Mary Shelley wrote the book Frankenstein sometime in the 1810s. She was born in London in 1797 (Biography). Her mother was an author of prime literary stock who was trying to encourage women to pursue their ideas and strive to earn the status as equals. The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions that were taking place around Mary Shelley certainly influ enced her while she was writing the book. The creation of machines and experiments at the time made people wonder what the limit of human technologyRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay846 Words   |  4 Pages Shelley’s Frankenstein does an excellent job at demonstrating the ideas and accomplishments of the enlightenment period. Shelly expresses these ideas and thoughts through the character of Victor Frankenstein who is an aspiring scientist seeking an intellectual challenge. Victor Frankenstein live s his hometown of Geneva and leaves in quest of a valued education in Ingolstadt. When Victor arrives at college he is lonely and finds himself in a new world in which he lives by himself. He than meets

Teen Dating Violence - 2793 Words

What is Teen Dating Violence? Teen Dating Violence (TDV) is described as the physical, emotional, or sexual abuse that occurs within a relationship while dating. TDV can occur in person, or electronically by a current or former partner (CDC, 2014). Many adolescents and adults are unaware of the prevalence of TDV but a recent national study revealed that nearly 10% of adolescents have reported being hit, slapped, or intentionally physically hurt by someone they had claimed to be dating (CDC, 2014). About 20% of adult women who reported experiencing some form of intimate partner violence (IPV) also reported experiencing TDV between the ages of 11-17 (CDC, 2014). Also, black students experience TDV (14%) at a significantly higher rate than†¦show more content†¦Some of the economic effects associated with IPV are as follows: employers lose between $3-5 billion dollars per year for increased medical costs of battered victims and businesses lose an additional $100 million dollars in lost wages, sick days, and absenteeism. Also, nearly 2 million workdays are lost to domestic violence annually and overall domestic violence costs the United States $67 billion dollars, annually (NCADV, n.d.). IPV causes a huge lapse in profitability and productivity. Using Public Service Announcements to Address other Public Health Issues Among Adolescents Public service announcements have long been a tool of public health professionals and organizations to prevent public health crises through awareness and instruction. For this intervention, public service announcements via television and radio stations will be implemented to bring about prevention of teen dating violence. Anti-tobacco campaigns have utilized public service announcements to campaign the detrimental effects of tobacco consumption as well as raise awareness regarding cessation resources. In 2000, California held a media campaign that accounted for a 2-3% reduction in the sales of cigarette packs. Despite the seemingly low effect of media campaigning, it has been proven that each dollar invested in the anti-tobacco advertising results into a per capita decrease of 7.7 packs of cigarettes (Atkin,Show MoreRelatedTeen Dating Violence951 Words   |  4 PagesTeen dating violence Teen dating violence is becoming a huge issue among schools across the nation. In fact most teens don’t even think their relationships are abusive or they know but they are too scared to do anything about it. Teen dating violence is on the rise. This violence spans across all socioeconomic levels and knows no race. Even famous people can be victims of dating violence. Dating violence is a real issue and needs to be addressed in all schools and workplaces across the nationRead MoreTeen Dating Violence : Teenage Dating1655 Words   |  7 Pages Teen Dating Violence Dawn Brown, Verronica Flowers, Michelle Marcak, Lisa Sprouse Dr. Brinda Mckinney, Instructor Arkansas State University NRS 3333 Women s Health August 12, 2016 â€Æ' Teen Dating Violence In 2013, the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey reported that 21% of female and 10% of male high school students experienced some form of physical and/or sexual dating violence. It was also reported that youth who are victims of dating violence in high school are at greater risk of victimizationRead MoreIs No Law For Teen Dating Violence?1357 Words   |  6 Pageseen violence has become a major problem in children today. Many teens are pressured with drugs and alcohol, but violence from your boyfriend/girlfriend is a growing problem for teens in the world today. There are many types of abuse, even more than there was 10 years ago. These types of abuse can be anywhere from physical abuse to digital abuse. Abuse, according to Business Dictionary means, â€Å"Physical force unlawfully exercised toward property and/or persons, causing or intending to cause damageRead MoreTeen Dating Violence : Research2459 Words   |  10 PagesTeen Dating Violence Research on adolescent dating violence (DV) is limited, even though it is a risk factor for adult intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV is a serious health concern that is linked to depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy (De Grace Clarke, 2012). According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2016), teen dating violence is defined as the physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional violence within a datingRead MoreForms And Causes Of Teen Dating Violence1132 Words   |  5 PagesCauses of Teen Dating Violence Anya Colburn University of Nebraska — Kearney There are many things that teenagers end up going through, some good and some bad. One thing that some teenager unfortunately go through is dating violence. Dating violence is physical, emotional, psychologic, or sexual violence in a dating relationship. Throughout my paper I discuss some of the different reasons people may engage in dating violence, such as the media and bullying. I also discuss cyber dating violenceRead MoreTeen Dating Violence Is A Serious Problem Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesTeen dating violence is a serious problem, and the number of cases continues to rise. The victims are usually teenaged girls, and the abuse may occur for months before they finally come forward to report their attacker. Some teens do not tell until the abuse is obvious because they are seriously injured, others deny the abuse or make excuses for the abuser. Is your daughter at risk for teen dating violence? Do not assume she will tell you if her boyfriend starts abusing her. Teen girls ar e likelyRead MoreThe Victims Of Teen Dating Violence And Substance Abuse796 Words   |  4 PagesSeveral studies identified a significant correlation among victims of teen dating violence and substance abuse. Those committing the act were more likely to be under the influence of drugs and alcohol, and victims show increasing signs of substance addiction to cope (Temple et al., 2013). Victims of teen dating violence can have increased problems associated with mental health, sexual risk behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases, teen pregnancy, weight issues, and suicidal ideology (Maas, 2010). As aRead MoreDefinition And Intervention Mid Term Project Is Teen Dating Violence1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic that I nominate for my six week group content/intervention mid-term project is teen dating violence. I will be discussing different techniques, leader skills, and interventions that I will utilize when I facilitate a six week group. I will incorporate several different icebreake rs and activities that has been used in an adolescents groups by clinicians. As the therapist, some of the techniques consist of the following empathy, reframing, Socratic questioning, active listening, and effectiveRead MoreJake and Caroline Video Script Teen Dating Violence1963 Words   |  8 PagesJAKE AND CAROLINE VIDEO SCRIPT TEEN DATING VIOLENCE Jake: So anyway things besides all this John stuff are going pretty awesome†¦and we usually hang out together every Friday night when I get out of work†¦So this past Friday I got out of work early and figured we’d spend the rest of the night together†¦. Maybe grab a bite to eat or catch a movie†¦So I called her at 5 o’clock—no Caroline. 6, 7, 8—still no Caroline. 9, 10—10 freakin’ thirty roles around and I’m like â€Å"Caroline where the hell have youRead MoreJake and Caroline Video Script Teen Dating Violence1976 Words   |  8 PagesJAKE AND CAROLINE VIDEO SCRIPT TEEN DATING VIOLENCE Jake: So anyway things besides all this John stuff are going pretty awesome†¦and we usually hang out together every Friday night when I get out of work†¦So this past Friday I got out of work early and figured we’d spend the rest of the night together†¦. Maybe grab a bite to eat or catch a movie†¦So I called her at 5 o’clock—no Caroline. 6, 7, 8—still no Caroline. 9, 10—10 freakin’ thirty roles around and I’m like â€Å"Caroline where the hell have

International Marketing Entry Strategies free essay sample

Reasons why firms get involved in international markets: Chain of supply(in terms of raw materials),if there are shortage of raw materials in the domestic market ,a firm may opt for the international market, also if the firm has abundant resources the firm can produce locally and export to foreign markets. Optimistic response: the managers and the share holders may have the ambition of going global as a strategic objective. When the product cannot be sold in the local or domestic market: the product may have reached the maturity stage of its product life cycle, hence the need to find new markets for it where it can be rejuvenated and introduce it as a new product. Additional volume: the firm may have surplus production which it may consider for the foreign markets for example in Uganda companies like Mukwano Group of Companies is now exporting to the Great lakes region. Spreading business risks across wider markets, sometimes a firm may not want to keep it‘ eggs† in one†basket†especially when it has the capital base to operate in the foreign market for example Simba Telecom has extended its distribution and Telecom business to other African markets. Gaining access to new markets, firm may have the objective of increasing its market share and the alternative to the domestic market is to go international. A firm may go global with an objective of achieving lower costs and enhancing competitiveness. Factors considered before going international: The planning process: This is important because it helps decision makers to examine all the factors that can affect the success of international marketing programmes. The company’s objectives and Resources: for a company to succeed in an international market it must evaluate is a parent company’s resource in relation to the international market it wants to enter. Level of commitment: the firm must determine whether it is ready in terms personnel, financial and time commitment. Philosophical orientation: this has to relate to the corporate objectives of the firm, this includes: polycentrism, ethnocentrism, geocentrism and regionalcentrism. The firm has to study the external environment by the use of tools like SLEPT (PESTEL) or SWOT analysis to understand the industry and the perceived risks. MARKET ENTRY DECISION STRATEGIES: There are various market entry strategies a firm can consider when entering an international market. There is no universal strategy but the best strategy would be one circumstantially chosen after vivid scrutiny of factors that should be considered before choosing a market entry mode as discussed above. The choice of the entry mode depends on the following factors: Internal factors/conditions: Objectives of the firm regarding sales volumes, time scale and market coverage. If the objective of the firm is of low sales volume for a limited period of time establishing a foreign owned production facility may be appropriate relative to other modes of entry kike exporting. Need for control: The level of control of marketing activities varies greatly from modes of entry. If the firm requires absolute control, establishing a wholly foreign owned investment (subsidiary) is preferred to other modes like indirect exporting which offer virtually no control. The firm’s resources: Resource requirements in terms of human and financial vary according to the modes of entry used. If the firm has less resources indirect exporting or use of agents can be used. Flexibility requirements: the marketer should understand the legal aspects in the given foreign market since the domestic market laws are usually used to settle disputes. The laws related to international business must be clearly understood. The speed of entry: if speed is required, lincencing, exporting or use of agents and distributors. A wholly owned firm may be suitable if the firm is not in a hurry. The size of the firm: small firms are less likely to provide the level of investment capital, organizational ability for operating expensive modes of entry such as wholly owned investment. Management orientation: the foreign market entry will also depend on the decisions of the managers as regards the strategies and policies. External factors: Market potential (size and growth): An international marketer should first understand,analyse the market potential in terms of size and growth rate, if these are high an overseas subsidiary and licensing can be a suitable mode of entry. Competitive environment: The nature of competition and the entry modes used by the competitors have an effect on the entry method used by an international firm. For example the telecom sector and Banking sector. Host country regulations; some countries dictate the modes of entry. And in some countries a firm is given quotas of the product to supply so in such circumstances a firm will opt for a mode that does not require a big investment. The culture of the host country is also important; some countries are not friendly to foreign investors. Risk factors like political instability will affect the mode of entry to choose from, these risks vary from country to country. For example a country that is not politically stable like Somalia and Southern Sudan will require that a firm considers Exporting strategy, because establishing a wholly owned investment is more risky. The Pay back period: Pay back period varies from one entry mode to another. Exporting, lincencing and franchising may have a shorter pay back period compared to joint ventures and a wholly foreign investment. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES . EXPORTING: This is the marketing and direct sales of the domestically produced goods and services into another country. It is traditional well established method of reaching the foreign market. No investment in foreign production facility is required. Most costs associated with exporting are in the form of marketing expenses. Top exporters globally include; Japan, China, Germany, USA and India among others. Exporting can take the following forms: Direct Exporting; this is where a company assumes direct responsibility for selling to foreign markets. The firm can set up a ex[porting department or can work through foreign agents, Travelling sales people. Indirect Exporting: independent international middlemen can be hired by an international firm to do the exporting. For example the Bic pen company exports to the Ugandan market through African Queen Ltd,a Ugandan distribution firm. General evaluation of the Exporting strategy I. It minimizes political risks. II. Effective when the market potential is not known. III. It allows flexibility of control of the marketing activities. IV. Termination of business relationships does not incur significant costs and time. Disadvantages I. Fluctuating foreign exchange rates may affect earnings. II. Government interventions can affect earnings for example in Uganda in 2010 there was a controversy between Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Distributors of Eveready Batteries. III. It is difficult to respond to market changes. IV. Lack of control over marketing activities especially under indirect exporting. 2. JOINT VENTURE: Under this strategy an international firm joins with the foreign firm to establish Production and Marketing facilities. Joint ventures can be through. )Licensing: This is where a manufacturing company Grants a license to a foreign firm, and it pays a fee or loyalties in exchange for the use patents, product formular, company name, trade mark or anything of value. Advantages of Licensing: I. It is a cost effective way for affirm to expand, since there is no much capital investment. II. It allows the test of the market with out major involvement. III. It is effective when tariffs ar e high. IV. It provides an opportunity to enter a country or market when production is not possible for example when the host country regulations, risk of xpropriation, lack of resources etc. V. It increases the inflow of sophisticated technology and managerial expertise in the host country. VI. It is a relatively cheaper and simple mode of entry. Disadvantages: I. It restricts the ability of the firm to take full advantage of the market potential. II. There are no guarantees of future expansion. III. It creates competition in the third markets. IV. Loss of control of the firm’s technology. V. Loss of control over the quality of the products. VI. It can result into conflict between Licensee and the linceser. VII. End of business relationship is costly and involves a lot of legalities. b)Franchising: This is a type of licensing that specifies in more detail than licensing of what is expected of the franchisee, the franchiser grants the franchisee the permission to a patent, trade mark, product formular,product formular,company name or anything of value. The franchiser provides operational and managerial help to franchisee eg. in terms of financing, equipment, raw materials, managerial etc. Note: the advantages and the disadvantages are the same as licensing. 3. STRATEGIC ALLIANCES This involves cooperation between firms with out the creation of a new business organization. Alliances are motivated by the desire to share technology and productive resources. They are usually used by Companies in USA, ASIA,PACIFIC AND EUROPE. Advantages I. It allows access to foreign markets. II. It levels distribution of large research and development expenses. III. It enables sharing of complimentary resources. IV. There is spread of risks. Disadvantages I. There is a possibility of misunderstanding and ineffective communication particularly when different cultures are present. II. There is loss of competitive strength. 4. Wholly Owned Foreign Investment This involves establishing manufacturing or assembling facilities in foreign country, it involves a lot of capital investment and time, the firm assumes responsibility for strategic and operational functions. Advantages I. The firm has direct control over business activities. II. The firm gains greater knowledge over foreign local markets. III. The firm does not have to share its profits with other firms. IV. The firm can better apply specialize skills. Disadvantages I. It faces more political risks in case of political turmoil in a host country. II. The mode requires more resources and commitment than any other mode of entry. Conclusion Because of increasing trade between nations today across the globe it is very important that an international marketer understands the international business environment and the factors that affect international trade to be able to make informed decision on the entry mode to consider when entering the foreign market. REFERENCES: 1. International Marketing by Michael R. CZinkota. 2. Global Marketing by Warren J. Keegan, Mark Green, 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall. 3. Global Marketing: Foreign, local and Global Management by Jonny K. Johnson. 4. Building an Import/Export Business by Kenneth D. Weiss: Publisher: Willy. TOPIC: STRATEGY OPTIONS FOR ENTERING AN INTERNATIONAL MARKET. BY: RUGUMAYO ANDREW MPIRWE, MBA 11, MARKETING OPTION. REG. NO. 2011/U/HD/390/MBA KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY. INTRODUCTION International Marketing Decisions Today due to the rapid growth rate of globalization, all types of businesses are seeking to expand their operations across borders into the global market place. A firm after several considerations can choose an entry strategy to enter a foreign market, among the modes of entry is: Exporting, Lincencing, Joint venture and direct investment, strategic alliances among others that will be discussed later. Reasons why firms get involved in international markets: Chain of supply(in terms of raw materials),if there are shortage of raw materials in the domestic market ,a firm may opt for the international market, also if the firm has abundant resources the firm can produce locally and export to foreign markets. Optimistic response: the managers and the share holders may have the ambition of going global as a strategic objective. When the product cannot be sold in the local or domestic market: the product may have reached the maturity stage of its product life cycle, hence the need to find new markets for it where it can be rejuvenated and introduce it as a new product. Additional volume: the firm may have surplus production which it may consider for the foreign markets for example in Uganda companies like Mukwano Group of Companies is now exporting to the Great lakes region. Spreading business risks across wider markets, sometimes a firm may not want to keep it‘ eggs† in one†basket†especially when it has the capital base to operate in the foreign market for example Simba Telecom has extended its distribution and Telecom business to other African markets. Gaining access to new markets, firm may have the objective of increasing its market share and the alternative to the domestic market is to go international. A firm may go global with an objective of achieving lower costs and enhancing competitiveness. Factors considered before going international: The planning process: This is important because it helps decision makers to examine all the factors that can affect the success of international marketing programmes. The company’s objectives and Resources: for a company to succeed in an international market it must evaluate is a parent company’s resource in relation to the international market it wants to enter. Level of commitment: the firm must determine whether it is ready in terms personnel, financial and time commitment. Philosophical orientation: this has to relate to the corporate objectives of the firm, this includes: polycentrism, ethnocentrism, geocentrism and regionalcentrism. The firm has to study the external environment by the use of tools like SLEPT (PESTEL) or SWOT analysis to understand the industry and the perceived risks. MARKET ENTRY DECISION STRATEGIES: There are various market entry strategies a firm can consider when entering an international market. There is no universal strategy but the best strategy would be one circumstantially chosen after vivid scrutiny of factors that should be considered before choosing a market entry mode as discussed above. The choice of the entry mode depends on the following factors: Internal factors/conditions: Objectives of the firm regarding sales volumes, time scale and market coverage. If the objective of the firm is of low sales volume for a limited period of time establishing a foreign owned production facility may be appropriate relative to other modes of entry kike exporting. Need for control: The level of control of marketing activities varies greatly from modes of entry. If the firm requires absolute control, establishing a wholly foreign owned investment (subsidiary) is preferred to other modes like indirect exporting which offer virtually no control. The firm’s resources: Resource requirements in terms of human and financial vary according to the modes of entry used. If the firm has less resources indirect exporting or use of agents can be used. Flexibility requirements: the marketer should understand the legal aspects in the given foreign market since the domestic market laws are usually used to settle disputes. The laws related to international business must be clearly understood. The speed of entry: if speed is required, lincencing, exporting or use of agents and distributors. A wholly owned firm may be suitable if the firm is not in a hurry. The size of the firm: small firms are less likely to provide the level of investment capital, organizational ability for operating expensive modes of entry such as wholly owned investment. Management orientation: the foreign market entry will also depend on the decisions of the managers as regards the strategies and policies. External factors: Market potential (size and growth): An international marketer should first understand,analyse the market potential in terms of size and growth rate, if these are high an overseas subsidiary and licensing can be a suitable mode f entry. Competitive environment: The nature of competition and the entry modes used by the competitors have an effect on the entry method used by an international firm. For example the telecom sector and Banking sector. Host country regulations; some countries dictate the modes of entry. And in some countries a firm is given quotas of the product to supply so in such circumstances a firm will opt for a mode that does not require a big investment. The culture of the host country is also important; some countries are not friendly to foreign investors. Risk factors like political instability will affect the mode of entry to choose from, these risks vary from country to country. For example a country that is not politically stable like Somalia and Southern Sudan will require that a firm considers Exporting strategy, because establishing a wholly owned investment is more risky. The Pay back period: Pay back period varies from one entry mode to another. Exporting, lincencing and franchising may have a shorter pay back period compared to joint ventures and a wholly foreign investment. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES . EXPORTING: This is the marketing and direct sales of the domestically produced goods and services into another country. It is traditional well established method of reaching the foreign market. No investment in foreign production facility is required. Most costs associated with exporting are in the form of marketing expenses. Top exporters globally include; Japan, China, Germany, USA and India among others. Exporting can take the following forms: Direct Exporting; this is where a company assumes direct responsibility for selling to foreign markets. The firm can set up a ex[porting department or can work through foreign agents, Travelling sales people. Indirect Exporting: independent international middlemen can be hired by an international firm to do the exporting. For example the Bic pen company exports to the Ugandan market through African Queen Ltd,a Ugandan distribution firm. General evaluation of the Exporting strategy I. It minimizes political risks. II. Effective when the market potential is not known. III. It allows flexibility of control of the marketing activities. IV. Termination of business relationships does not incur significant costs and time. Disadvantages I. Fluctuating foreign exchange rates may affect earnings. II. Government interventions can affect earnings for example in Uganda in 2010 there was a controversy between Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Distributors of Eveready Batteries. III. It is difficult to respond to market changes. IV. Lack of control over marketing activities especially under indirect exporting. 2. JOINT VENTURE: Under this strategy an international firm joins with the foreign firm to establish Production and Marketing facilities. Joint ventures can be through. )Licensing: This is where a manufacturing company Grants a license to a foreign firm, and it pays a fee or loyalties in exchange for the use patents, product formular, company name, trade mark or anything of value. Advantages of Licensing: I. It is a cost effective way for affirm to expand, since there is no much capital investment. II. It allows the test of the market with out major involvement. III. It is effective when tariffs ar e high. IV. It provides an opportunity to enter a country or market when production is not possible for example when the host country regulations, risk of expropriation, lack of resources etc. V. It increases the inflow of sophisticated technology and managerial expertise in the host country. VI. It is a relatively cheaper and simple mode of entry. Disadvantages: I. It restricts the ability of the firm to take full advantage of the market potential. II. There are no guarantees of future expansion. III. It creates competition in the third markets. IV. Loss of control of the firm’s technology. V. Loss of control over the quality of the products. VI. It can result into conflict between Licensee and the linceser. VII. End of business relationship is costly and involves a lot of legalities. )Franchising: This is a type of licensing that specifies in more detail than licensing of what is expected of the franchisee, the franchiser grants the franchisee the permission to a patent, trade mark, product formular,product formular,company name or anything of value. The franchiser provides operational and managerial help to franchisee eg. in terms of financing, equipment, raw mat erials, managerial etc. Note: the advantages and the disadvantages are the same as licensing. 3. STRATEGIC ALLIANCES This involves cooperation between firms with out the creation of a new business organization. Alliances are motivated by the desire to share technology and productive resources. They are usually used by Companies in USA, ASIA,PACIFIC AND EUROPE. Advantages I. It allows access to foreign markets. II. It levels distribution of large research and development expenses. III. It enables sharing of complimentary resources. IV. There is spread of risks. Disadvantages I. There is a possibility of misunderstanding and ineffective communication particularly when different cultures are present. II. There is loss of competitive strength. 4. Wholly Owned Foreign Investment This involves establishing manufacturing or assembling facilities in foreign country, it involves a lot of capital investment and time, the firm assumes responsibility for strategic and operational functions. Advantages I. The firm has direct control over business activities. II. The firm gains greater knowledge over foreign local markets. III. The firm does not have to share its profits with other firms. IV. The firm can better apply specialize skills. Disadvantages I. It faces more political risks in case of political turmoil in a host country. II. The mode requires more resources and commitment than any other mode of entry. Conclusion Because of increasing trade between nations today across the globe it is very important that an international marketer understands the international business environment and the factors that affect international trade to be able to make informed decision on the entry mode to consider when entering the foreign market. REFERENCES: 1. International Marketing by Michael R. CZinkota. 2. Global Marketing by Warren J. Keegan, Mark Green, 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall. 3. Global Marketing: Foreign, local and Global Management by Jonny K. Johnson. 4. Building an Import/Export Business by Kenneth D. Weiss: Publisher: Willy.

Legalization Of Marijuana Essays (2100 words) - Herbalism

Legalization Of Marijuana How can something so good be so bad There is a large drug problem facing Canada today, and this problem extends to all citizens. It's not just the poor and the uneducated that are affected by this problem. The most largely used illegal drug in Canada is Marijuana, and thus is targeted as the drug for law enforcement to target the most, costing the taxpayers lots and lots of money. I will show you that Marijuana is not as large an evil as it may appear, and that if legalized the economy would be strengthened and the efforts of law enforcement could be focused on more serious drugs. First off, to understand what we are dealing with I will give a brief explanation of what Marijuana is and it's uses. Marijuana is classified as a hallucinogen and is a psychoactive drug. Its medical name is Cannabis Sativa and it is found in the Indian hemp plant, of which there are three types; Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Rudderalis. Some of its nicknames and street names are pot, weed, green, herb, and sensi. The drugs use dates back in manuscripts back to 2700B.C. in China (Nadelmann). Jamestown settlers also cultivated the drug, 1611, who used the drug for its fibers to make rope and clothes. Marijuana is widely used, an estimated one out of every three people have used it, and among high school students 44% have experimented with it (Bowmen). Marijuana is almost always smoked to experience the effects, but eating it and brewing it into tea are common practice also. It can be smoked by rolling it into a paper (joint) or by placing it into a pipe (often called a bowl). Often times there is a mixture of marijuana with tobacco to create a pleasurable taste. When someone smokes marijuana for the first time they do not get high, it is usually the second or third time a user feels the effects. These include chronic laughter and heightened senses. Afterwards a dry mouth and hunger, called the munchies, often follow. The ingredient in cannabis sativa that causes the mind-altering effects is THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol). Now that you know a little about the drug I will discuss its health effects. I am not saying that Marijuana is good for you; all I am saying is that comparable negative effects are present in many legalized drugs. Marijuana intoxicates a person in a way very similar to alcohol. Reaction times are decreased and the person may appear to be very sluggish. While intoxicated a person may have a hard time concentrating on simple tasks. There have been many studies ran on the long term effects on marijuana causing memory loss, and many of the studies are either contradictory or inconclusive. The effects of marijuana on the lungs are very similar to the effects of cigarettes in that lungs will get coated in tar and respiration may become difficult as time passes. However, marijuana has not been linked as a cancer-causing agent (Califano), making it much healthier than cigarettes in that aspect. There have been no tests to prove marijuana is addictive other than mentally (American Journal of Nursing), which is a problem that can arise from using many things such as caffeine. Marijuana, in fact, has been proven to be less of a health risk than junk food, salt, tobacco, and alcohol. Hardly anyone over 21 experiments with a drug, they have experimented with it before. If no one has experimented with a drug before they are 21 then they are highly unlikely to experiment at all. There are three million underage cigarette smokers underage, many smoking just for the reason to disobey the laws society places on us. This industry is estimated at one billion dollars. There are also twelve million underage drinkers, many drinking just to disobey the laws also. This industry is estimated at ten billion dollars. Marijuana use is just like these figures, but it covers all of the population, not just those under 18 or 21. Harnessing an industry like this would have astronomical economic benefits. Marijuana being legalized would also help many people that are sick. The drug THC whether being smoked or ingested in its pure